Next-Gen Battery Conductive Material

Ti₄O₇ Conductive Ceramic Powder For Batteries

Magnéli Phase Sub-Oxide Titanium · Metal-Grade Conductivity ·Extreme Chemical Inertness ·
Beyond carbon-based conductivity solutions for next-generation battery technologies.
Ti₄O₇ | Magnéli Phase | CAS 107372-98-5

Material Overview

Ti₄O₇ (Titanium Sub-Oxide) is the most conductive member of the Magnéli phase series (TinO2n−1, n=4). Through controlled high-temperature reduction of TiO₂, Ti⁴⁺ is partially converted to Ti³⁺, forming oxygen-deficient edge-sharing shear planes that provide high-speed electron transport channels, while the outer TiO₂ layer provides chemical protection. We provide large scale supplies for battery usage.

Magnéli Phase Ti₄O₇ Crystal Structure — Conductive + Protective Dual-Layer Mechanism

Every 4 TiO₂ layers → 1 TiO layer (oxygen-deficient shear plane) → Ti atoms move closer forming conduction bands → outer TiO₂ encases the conductive band → dual conductivity + corrosion resistance

Physical & Chemical Properties

KEY FEATURES:

⚡ Metal-Grade Conductivity

Far exceeds graphite carbon, approaching metal-level conductivity

🛡️ Extreme Chemical Inertness

Stable in strong acids/bases, resistant to fluorides and oxalic acid

🔬 Wide Electrochemical Window

High hydrogen/oxygen evolution overpotential, suitable for wide potential operation

~1995

CONDUCTIVITY(S/cm, RT)

>99%

PURITY

~50 yr

HALF-LIFE IN 4M H₂SO₄

<600°C

THERMAL STABILITY (INERT)

~4.19 V

ELECTROCHEMICAL WINDOW (1M NaCl)

>3.6

DENISTY

(g/cm³)

1.5-3.0 eV

BAND GAP

Blue-Black

APPEARANCE

Comparison with Traditional Conductive Additives

Conductivity Visual Comparison

Ti₄O₇. 1995 S/cm

CNT. ~1000 S/cm

Graphite. 727 S/cm

Super-P. 100 S/cm

Key Difference of Ti₄O₇ Conductivity vs Carbon Conductivity

Carbon-based materials rely on physical contact for conduction and tend to detach during charge/discharge cycling due to volume expansion/contraction; they also oxidize at high potentials.

Ti₄O₇'s conductivity originates from its crystal structure itself (Ti³⁺/Ti⁴⁺ mixed valence + oxygen-deficient shear planes), independent of surface contact, with exceptional chemical corrosion resistance. Its polar surface also provides a chemical anchoring effect for polysulfide intermediates — an extra functionality that carbon materials cannot offer.

Application of Ti₄O₇ in Various Battery Chemistries

As a cathode conductive additive: enhances Ni(OH)₂ cathode conductivity, improves current distribution uniformity.
Porous Ti₄O₇ can anchor Zn(OH)₄²⁻ ions, promoting uniform zinc anode deposition and suppressing dendrite growth.
Ti₄O₇ coating protects the zinc anode: high conductivity and hydrophilicity provide uniform electric field distribution, reducing hydrogen evolution side reactions.
Experiments show: porous Ti₄O₇ addition yields significantly improved discharge capacity and substantially extended cycle life.

Sources: ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces (2023); Inorganic Chemistry Frontiers (2024); SSRN (2022)

• Cathode conductive additive: can replace Super-P / Graphite, boosting discharge voltage by ~5%

• High conductivity reduces polarization, improves rate capability

• Not oxidized at high potentials (>4V vs. Li/Li⁺), superior to carbon materials

• Can serve as a titanium-based intercalation host for anodes — inherently safe, non-flammable, no thermal runaway risk

• Ti₄O₇'s polar surface produces strong chemical adsorption of soluble polysulfides (Li₂Sₓ), effectively suppressing the shuttle effect

• Simultaneously provides efficient electron transport channels, improving sulfur cathode utilization

• Studies show: Ti₄O₇-S cathodes exhibit significantly better cycling performance and reversible capacity than TiO₂-S

• Low-coordination Ti sites are the active centers for adsorbing sulfur species

• Zinc-air battery air electrode: high conductivity + corrosion resistance, solves electrolyte leakage issues

• All-vanadium redox flow battery electrode material: acid-resistant, highly conductive

• PEM fuel cell catalyst support: replaces carbon supports, eliminates catalyst detachment from carbon corrosion

• MnOx/Ti₄O₇ composite catalysts: demonstrate excellent bifunctional ORR/OER activity

Product Specifications

Parameter	Specification
Packaging	Customizable per request
Density	> 3.6 g/cm³
Morphology	Irregular particles / Fibrous / Porous spherical (customizable)
Particle Size	Customizable (micron / sub-micron / nano)
Conductivity	~1000 S/cm (powder pellet method)
Purity	≥ 99%
Crystal Phase	Magnéli phase Ti₄O₇ (primary phase)
Appearance	Blue-black free-flowing powder

* Particle size distribution, specific surface area, and morphology can be customized per customer requirements

Why Ti₄O₇ is Irreplaceable

⚡

Conductivity + Inertness

Carbon materials: conductive but easily oxidized
Ceramic materials: stable but non-conductive
Ti₄O₇: the only material combining both advantages

🛡️

Extreme Environment Stability

Strong acids (40% H₂SO₄), strong bases, fluoride environments.
Estimated half-life of 50 years (4M H₂SO₄) -
Far exceeds any carbon-based material.

🧲

Chemical Anchoring Effect

Polar surface adsorbs polysulfides and other intermediates.
Extra functionality carbon materials cannot provide
Critical for Li-S and NiZn systems.

🔥

Intrinsically Safe

Non-flammable, no thermal runaway risk.
Stable operation at elevated temperatures.
Ideal for safe battery design.

High power, high energy density, low cost and exceptional safety are essential for batteries in electric vehicles (EV). Therefore, the next wave of growth for this industry is to develop an alternative to graphite, with a relatively high storage voltage (preferably between 1.0 and 2.0 V vs. Li/Li+). Magneli Phase Sub-Oxides of Titanium (MPSOT) such as TinO (2n-1) (where n is between 4 and 10) exhibit electrical conductivity equivalent to graphite. Unlike graphite they are chemically inert, cannot burn and will not participate in thermal runaway reactions. MPSOTs are attractive electrode candidates for several advanced energy devices, including; Li intercalation hosts for Lithium batteries, Air Electrodes for Metal-Air batteries, and as highly stable catalyst supports for PEM fuel cells.

Our breakthrough is a novel Structurally Stabilized Magneli Phase material (SSMP) which retains all the attractive and well-documented properties of Ti4O7 with the addition of being stable as nano-scale fibers and surface features. This breakthrough now makes it possible to attain exceptional levels of effective potential intercalation sites with a Magneli Phase material.

Fuel Cell

The problem in the fuel cell are is the degradation of carbon-based substrate and the loss of Pt. Magneli Phase Materials, specifically Structurally stabilized Ti407, have shown promise as alternatives to carbon. Structurally Stabilized Ti4O7 is superior to graphite and Graphene in that there is no corrosion, longer life, higher catalyst activity, and more options for novel catalysts.

Lithium

High power, high energy density, low cost and exceptional safety are essential for batteries in electric vehicles (EV). Therefore, it is essential to develop an alternative to graphite, with a relatively high storage voltage (preferably between 1.0 and 2.0 V vs. Li/Li+). Magneli Phase Sub-Oxides of Titanium (MPSOT) such as TinO (2n-1) (where n is between 4 and 10) exhibit electrical conductivity equivalent to graphite. Unlike graphite they are chemically inert, cannot burn and will not participate in thermal runaway reactions. MPSOTs are attractive electrode candidates for a number of advanced energy devices, including; Li intercalation hosts for LIBs1, Air Electrodes for Metal-Air batteries,2 and as highly stable catalyst supports for PEM fuel cells.3 However, conventional MPSOTs are not stable as nanostructures and to date, this has limited their effectiveness in LIBs and other advanced batteries such as Li-Air

Metal Air Batteries

A stable Reversible GDE is a pre-requisite for a metal-air battery to all for discharge and charging, with the leading failure mode being the charge cycle. Magneli Phase materials have been shown to work in a number of research studies.